This citation guide is based on The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed., 2020). The contents are accurate to the best of our knowledge.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page "References" centered at the top of the page in bold. All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.
Basic Rules
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented 1/2-inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation. You can set up Word to do this automatically.
Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work for up to and including 20 authors. If there are 2 to 20 authors, place an ampersand before the final author's name.
If there are 21 or more authors, list the first 19 authors and insert an ellipsis. After the ellipsis, then add the final author's name.
Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
For multiple articles by the same author (or authors listed in the same order), list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
Present the journal title in full.
Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title. Examples include:
ReCALL, not RECALL
Knowledge Management Research & Practice, not Knowledge Management Research and Practice
Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, or webpages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
Note that the distinction here is based on the type of source being cited. Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while other sources' titles do not.
Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.
Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.
