Citations in APA style include two parts: (1) in-text citations, which are connected to (2) reference list citations.
This guide will help you create in-text citations that correlate with the corresponding reference list citations. Please see Reference Examples for more details on the reference list.
Note: All sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper except for Personal Communications and similar unrecoverable sources.
A secondary source – which is also known as an indirect citation – occurs when your source cites or references another source, but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work. To handle this situation, you should:
... (Harris, 2009, as cited in Lewis, 2019).
In the reference list, provide the details of the work in which you found the quotation or idea.
| Elements of the reference | Follow the format of the reference in which you found the indirect citation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| In-text reference |
(Original author last name, Year of original work, as cited in Author last name of work where quote found, Year) ExamplesMiller (1953, as cited in Agrios, 2005) found … … as was found (Miller, 1953, as cited in Agrios, 2005) |
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| Reference list |
ExampleAgrios, G.N. (2005). Plant pathology (5th ed.). Elsevier Academic Press. |
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